Invest in Kids Working Group &
Partnership for America's Economic Success

 

» IIK Working Group Meetings

» Invest in Kids Working Papers

» Bibliography on Human Capital, Economic Growth and Fiscal Sustainability
 

PAES/Invest in Kids Working Group

The PAES/Invest in Kids Working Group, hosted by the Partnership for America’s Economic Success, was created to explore issues and policies related to the economic benefits of investments in early childhood. Working Group presenters are leading experts in economics, business, advocacy and public policy. The meetings are informal gatherings that allow interested parties to hear from these experts and ask questions about their developing work. The group is chaired by Robert Dugger, Chairman of the PAES Advisory Board.

Meetings are generally held the third Monday of the month from 3:00-5:00 pm at rotating locations. Specific meeting information will be posted on this Web site as soon as it is available. A conference call line is always available and handout materials for each meeting will be posted on this Web site.

If you would like to be notified about upcoming PAES/Invest in Kids Working Group meetings and other PAES events, please register for PAES e-mail updates.

Other Research Studies

Each of the following sections will link you to outstanding resources, materials and original works on a variety of issues in the early childhood human capital sector, economic growth, and fiscal sustainability. 

Human Capital and Economic Growth

For papers, presentations and articles from leading national thinkers, including Alan Greenspan, the Business Roundtable, and economist James Heckman, click here.

Regional Economic Development

Increasingly, researchers and analysts are examining the link between investing in early childhood and the related effects on state and local economic development.  For some of the top work in this field, click here.

Public Finance and Kids

Where do investments in children come from, and how do changes in public priorities affect children, families, and the economy?  Economists and scholars consider these and other questions in a collection of top-notch articles, available here.

Public Opinion

For surveys and polls related to investments in early childhood education, click here.

Costs and Benefits of Investments in Kids

What do we know about how investing in early childhood pays off in the long run -- for children, their families, communities, and society as a whole?  Which models have been shown to be most effective in high returns for the cost, and which have not?  To read some of the best available research on these issues, click here.  

Seniors, Politics, and Public Finance

Financing early childhood policies and programs does not occur in a vacuum.  Click here to read articles about the interconnections among different investments in sectors across the lifespan. 

International Research

What's happening at the international level?  To learn more about developments and comparison from other countries, click here.

Bruner, C. (2004). Many happy returns: Three economic models that make the case for school readiness. State Early Childhood Policy, Resource Brief. (December 2004).

Committee for Economic Development. (2003). How economies grow: The CED perspective on raising the long-term standard of living. Research and Policy Committee of the Committee for Economic Development. (May 2003).

Corporate Voices for Working Families. (2003). Early childhood education: A call to action from the business community -- Why America needs high-quality early childhood education. The Business Roundtable and Corporate Voices for Working Families. (May 2003).

Cunha, F. and Heckman, J. J. (2007). The evolution of cognitive and noncognitive skills over the life cycle of the child. Prepared for the 2007 AEA Conference, Chicago, IL. (January 5, 2007). Handout.

Cunha, F. and Heckman, J. J. (2007). The technology of skill formation. Prepared for the 2007 AEA Conference, Chicago, IL. (January 6, 2007). Handout. Web appendix.

DeLong, J., Bradford, C. G., and Katz, L. H. (2003). Sustaining American economic growth: Education as the highest priority. In Henry Aaron (Ed.), Agenda for the Nation 2003. Brookings Institution: Washington, DC.

Dickens, W. T., Sawhill, I. V. and Tebbs, J. (2006). The effects of investing in early education on economic growth.The Brookings Institution: Washington, DC.

Greenspan, A. (2004). Education. Remarks at the Boston College Finance Conference, 2004. Boston, MA. (March 12, 2004).

Grunewald, R., Heckman, J. J. and Thompson, R. (2005). Presentation Notes. Youth Human Capital and Economic Growth Panel, National Association of Business Economics, Chicago, IL. (September 2005).

Heckman, J. J. and Carneiro, P. (2003). Human capital policy. Working Paper No. 9495, National Bureau of Economic Research. (February 2003).

Heckman, J. J. and Krueger, A. (2003). Inequality in America: What role for human capital policies? MIT Press: Cambridge, MA.

Heckman, J. J. (2007). The new economics of child quality. T.W. Schultz Keynote Address, American Agricultural Economics Association, Chicago, IL. (January 5, 2007). Notes.

Lynch, R. G. (2005). Exceptional returns: Economic, fiscal, and social benefits of investment in early childhood development. Economic Policy Institute: Washington, DC.

Palfrey, J. S., et al. (2005). The Brookline Early Education Project: A 25-Year follow-up study of a family-centered early health and development intervention. Pediatrics, 116:1, 144-152.

Papageorgiou, C. and Pérez-Sebastián, F. (2005). Matching up the data on education with economic growth models. Topics in Macroeconomics, 5:1, Article 8.

Research on early childhood education outcomes. Public Policy Forum: Milwaukee, WI. (July 2007).

Rioja, F. K. (2005). Roads versus schooling: Growth effects of government choices. Topics in Macroeconomics, 5:1, Article 7.

Washburn, J. and Eyal Press. (2002). The at-risk-youth industry: Private companies that run prisons and treatment centers for juveniles have turned out not to be very good at making money or rehabilitating kids. The Atlantic Monthly, 290:5.

U.S. Chamber of Commerce. (2002). Keeping competitive: Hiring, training, and retaining qualified workers in 2002. Center for Workplace Preparation, U.S. Chamber of Commerce. (January 2002).

Cornell University. (2006). 50 state economic demographic and policy data base and qualitative data base of state and local studies. Cornell University Department of City and Regional Planning, Economic Development and Child Care: Ithaca, NY.

Karoly, L. A. and Bigelow, J. H. (2005). The economics of investing in universal preschool education in California. RAND Corporation: Santa Monica, CA. (March 2005).

Liu, Z., Ribeiro, R. and Warner, M. (2004). Comparing child care multipliers in the regional economy: Analysis from 50 states. Cornell University Department of City and Regional Planning: Ithaca, NY.

Maas, E. (2007). Getting kids kindergarten-ready: A profile of the Minnesota Early Learning Foundation. Community Dividend, Issue 4.

Ribeiro, R. and Warner, M. (2004). Measuring the regional economic importance of early child care and education: The Cornell methodology guide. Cornell University Department of City and Regional Planning: Ithaca, NY.

Shellenback, K. (2004). Child care and parent productivity: Making the business case. Cornell University Department of City and Regional Planning: Ithaca, NY.

Stoney, L. (2004). Framing child care as economic development: Lessons from early studies. Cornell University Department of City and Regional Planning: Ithaca, NY.

Auerbach, A. J., Kotlikoff, L. J. and Leibfritz, W. (Eds.). (1999). Generational accounting around the world. National Bureau of Economic Research Project Report. University of Chicago Press: Chicago, IL.

Besharov, D. J. (2003). Creating a marketplace for social welfare services. American Enterprise Institute: Washington, DC.

Burman, L. E., Maag, E. and Rohaly, J. (2002). The effect of the 2001 tax cut on low- and middle-income families and children. The Urban Institute: Washington, DC.

Burman, L. E., Maag, E. and Rohaly, J. (2002). Taxpayers with children and high-income households gain most from 2001 tax cut. The Urban Institute: Washington, DC.

England, R. (2002). Fiscal Challenge of an Aging Industrial World, Global Aging Initiative. Center for International and Strategic Studies: Washington DC.

Every Child Matters Education Fund. (2003). How Federal Budget Priorities and Tax Breaks are Harming America's Children. Washington, DC.

Fisher, P. (2002). Beyond borrowing: Meeting the government's financial challenges in the 21st century. Council on World Affairs: Columbus, OH.

Gokhale, J. and Smetters, K. (2003). Fiscal and generational imbalances: A new budget measure for new budget priorities. American Enterprise Institute: Washington, DC.

Kotlikoff, L. J. (2001). The Coming Generational Storm. Boston University; Boston, MA.

Orszag, P. R., Rubin, R. E. and Sinai, A. (2004). Sustained budget deficits: Longer-run U.S. economic performance and the risk of financial and fiscal disarray. AEA-NAEFA Joint Session, Allied Social Science Associations Annual Meetings, Andrew Brimmer Policy Forum. San Diego, CA. (January 4, 2004).

Overholser, G. (2006). Patient capital: The next step forward? Nonprofit Finance Fund. New York, NY. (February 2006).

Peterson, P. (2004). Running on empty: How the democratic and republican parties are bankrupting our future and what Americans can do about it. Farrar, Straus and Giroux: New York, NY.

Petit, M. (2007). Homeland insecurity: American children at risk. Every Child Matters: Washington, DC.

Research and Policy Committee of the Committee for Economic Development. (2003). Exploding deficits, declining growth: The federal budget and the aging of America. Washington, DC.

Steuerle, C. E. (2003). The incredible shrinking budget for working families and children. The Urban Institute: Washington, DC.

Zuckerman, B. S. and Klass, P. (2006). Doctors promoting child development with books. Reach Out and Read: Boston, MA.

Zogby survey: American Business Leaders’ Views On Publicly-funded Pre-Kindergarten and the Advantages to the Economy (2005)

Academy for Education Development. (2001). A matter of money: The cost and financing of youth development in America. Academy for Education Development, Center for Youth Development and Policy Research: Washington, DC.

Aos, S. (2004). Benefits and costs of preventions and early intervention programs for youth. Washington State Institute for Public Policy: Olympia, WA. (September 17, 2004).

Aos, S. (2002). Cost-benefit analysis for juvenile justice programs. Program Evaluation Briefing Series Number 4. Juvenile Justice Evaluation Center: Washington, DC. (May 2002).

Aos, S. (2004). Washington State's family integrated transitions program for juvenile offenders: Outcome evaluation and benefit-cost analysis. Washington State Institute for Public Policy: Olympia, WA. (December 2004).

Aos, S., Lieb, R., Mayfield, J., Miller, M. and Pennucci, A. (2004). Benefits and costs of prevention and early intervention programs for youth. Washington State Institute for Public Policy: Seattle, WA. (September 2004).

Barnett, W. S. (1993). Economic Evaluation of Home Visiting Programs. The Future of Children: Home Visiting, (3:3).

Belfield, C. R. and McEwan, P. (2005). An economic analysis of investments in early childhood education in Massachusetts. Strategies for Children, Inc.: Boston, MA. (January 2005).

Brown, W. O., Frates, S. B., Rudge, I. S. and Tradewell, R. L. (2002). The costs and benefits of after school programs: The estimated effects of the After School Education and Safety Program Act of 2002. (September 2002).

Committee for Economic Development. (2002). Preschool for all: Investing in a productive and just society. Committee for Economic Development, Research and Policy Committee: Washington, DC. (February 2002).

Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project. (2006). Research to practice: Early Head Start benefits children and families. Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project: Washington, DC. (April 2006).

Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project. (2006). Research to practice: Preliminary findings from the Early Head Start prekindergarten followup. Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project: Washington, DC. (April 2006).

Felitti, V. J. (2003). The origins of addiction: Evidence from the adverse childhood experiences study.  Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, Department of Preventive Medicine. San Diego, CA.

Felitti, V. J. (2002). The relationship of adverse child experiences to adult health: Turning gold into lead. Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program. San Diego, CA.

Grunewald, R. and Rolnick, A. (2004). A proposal for achieving high returns on early childhood development. Building the Economic Case for Investments in Preschool Conference. Washington, DC. (December 22, 2004).

Karoly, L. A., Kilburn, M. R., Bigelow, J. H., Caulkins, J. P., Cannon, J. S. and Chiesa, J. R. (2001). Assessing costs and benefits of early childhood intervention programs: Overview and application to the starting early, starting smart program. RAND Corporation: Santa Monica, CA.

Karoly, L. A., Greenwood, P. W., Everingham, S. S., Hoube, J., Kilburn, M. R., Rydell, C. P., et al. (1998). Investing in our children: What we know and don't know about the costs and benefits of early childhood interventions. RAND Corporation: Santa Monica, CA.

Luckey, D. W., Henderson, Jr, C. R., Hanks, C., Bondy, J., Olds, J. D. L., Kitzman, H., et al. (2004). Effects of Nurse Home-Visiting on Maternal Life Course and Child Development: Age 6 Follow-Up Results of a Randomized Trial. Pediatrics, (114:6), 1150-1559.

Masse, L. and Barnett, W. S. A benefit-cost analysis of the abecedarian early childhood intervention. National Institute for Early Education Research, New Brunswick, NJ.

Olds, D. L., Robinson, J., Pettitt, L., Luckey, D. W., Holmberg, J., Ng, R. K., et al. (2004). Effects of home visits by paraprofessionals and by nurses: Age 4 follow-up results of a randomized trial. Pediatrics, (114:6), 1560-1568.

Olds, D. L., Henderson, Jr., C. R., Klitzman, H. J., Eckenrode, J. J., Cole, R. E., Tatelbaum, R. E. (1999). Prenatal & infancy home visitation by nurses: Recent findings. The Future of Children, Home Visiting, (9:1).
Public Policy Forum. (2007). Research on early childhood education outcomes. (July 2007).

Putnam, F. (2006). The impact of trauma on child development. Juvenile and Family Court Journal, Winter 2006.

Raikes, H., Kisker, E., Chazon-Cohen, R., Love, J., Vogel, C., Faldowski, R., et al. Lessons from the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project. Mathematica Policy Research, Inc.: Washington, DC.

Rand Corporation. (2001). Analyzing the costs and benefits of early childhood interventions. RAND Corporation: Santa Monica, CA.

Reynolds, A., Temple, J. A., Robertson, D. L., Mann, E. A. (2001). Long-term effects of an early childhood intervention on educational achievement and juvenile arrest: A 15-year follow-up of low-income children in public schools. Journal of the American Medical Association, (285:18).

Rolnick, A. and Grunewald, R. (2003). Early Childhood Development: Economic Development with a High Public Return. Fedgazette, March 2003.

Sawhill, I. V., (Ed.). (2003). One percent for kids: New policies, brighter futures for America's children. Brookings Institution: Washington, DC.

Schweinhart, L. (2004). Lifetime effects: The high/scope Perry Preschool study through age 40. High/Scope Educational Research Foundation: Ypsilanti, MI.

Sianesi, B. and Van Reenen, J. (2002). The returns to education: A review of the empirical macroeconomic literature. Institute for Fiscal Studies, Working Paper No. 02/05. (London).

Stoney, L., Warner, M., Woolley, A. E, and Thorman, A. (2003). Investing in the child care industry: An economic development strategy for Kansas. Mid-American Regional Council. (April 2003).

Washington State Institute for Public Policy. (2004). Benefits and costs of prevention and early intervention programs for youth. Washington State Institute for Public Policy: Olympia, WA. (September 17, 2004).

Besharov, D. J. and Samari, N. (1999). The other Wisconsin miracle: How Wisconsin foundations are helping create a responsive market for child care. Philanthropy Magazine, May/June 1999.

Breyer, F. (1994). The political economy of intergenerational redistribution. European Journal of Political Economy, (10:1), 61-84.

Browning, E. K. (1975). Why the social insurance budget is too large in a democracy. Economic Inquiry, (13:3), 373-88.

Freedman, M. (2000). Prime Time: How the Baby Boomers Will Revolutionize Retirement and Transform America. PublicAffairs: New York, NY.

Coulombe, S., Tremblay, J. F. and Marchand, S. (2004). International adult literacy survey: Literacy scores, human capital and growth across fourteen OECD countries. Catalogue no. 89-552-MIE, Statistics Canada.

Deutsche Bank Research. (2005). Human capital is the key to growth - Success stories and policies for 2020. Deutsche Bank Research: Frankfurt, Germany.

Robert H. Dugger
Chairman of the PAES Advisory Board and Invest in Kids Working Group

Rob Dugger has had a long and varied career in business and public service. For the past fifteen years he has been a managing partner and director of the Washington office of Tudor Investment Corporation, a global asset management company responsible for approximately $18 billion of investor funds. Tudor is active in currency, bond, equity, and commodity market trading and venture capital investment worldwide. Rob is an expert on government policy assessment and the effects of policy on domestic and global markets and financial institutions.

Prior to Tudor, Rob served as Policy Director at the American Bankers Association, where he led a panel of bank officials in developing a plan that became the RTC and the solution to the U.S. Savings & Loan problem. Rob began his career at the Federal Reserve Board of Governors in the early 1970s and served as a senior staff member of both the House Financial Services Committee and the Senate Banking Committee in the 1980s.

Rob’s philanthropic commitments are in two areas – investing early in the lives of American children, and wildlife conservation in Africa. In the United States, Rob is a founder of the Partnership for America’s Economic Success, chairman of the Invest in Kids Working Group, and a Trustee of the Committee for Economic Development – all projects focused on ascertaining and communicating the economic growth and job creation value of investing early in the lives of children. In his home state of Virginia, Rob is a member of Governor Kaine’s Strong Start Pre-Kindergarten Council, served as co-chair of Governor Warner’s Virginia Early Learning Council, and is a founding board member of the Alexandria
Community Trust.

In Africa, Rob is board chairman of Grumeti Reserves Ltd, a Tanzanian eco-tourism company organized to preserve the Wildebeest migration route in a 450,000 acre game reserve adjacent to the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania. Grumeti’s commercial tourism activities are done in partnership with the world’s number-one rated hospitality company Singita Game Reserves www.Singita.com. Rob is also vice chairman of its NGO affiliate, the Grumeti Community and Conservation Fund.

Rob is also a board member of the Democracy Alliance, a partnership of business and philanthropic leaders committed to strengthening progressive policy infrastructure and leadership in the United States. The Democracy Alliance has invested over $100 million in progressive institutions and civic engagement in the past three years. Rob is also a member of the board of directors of Generations United, an association of the heads of the nation’s top children and senior citizen advocacy groups.

Rob received his BA from Davidson College and his Ph.D. in economics from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill on a Federal Reserve Dissertation Fellowship.

Speeches

Read Mr. Dugger's speech to the United Way of Greater Topeka on March 27, 2008.

Read Mr. Dugger's speech to the American Academy of Pediatrics on October 26, 2007.

Read Mr. Dugger's Spanish speech to the Legal Momentum Family Initiative on June 4, 2007.

 

 

The work and publications available on this site are licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.5 License.

Website design and development by tarek
tarek.anandan@ced.org